Space telegraphy.



l No. 725,635 PATBNTED APR. 14, 1903.

- J. s. STONE.

SPACE TBLBGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED um. 12, 190x.

lo nonni..

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

HHH

WIT ESSES:

JOHN s'rosns'rons, OnnosToN, MASSACHUSETTS, A ssIGNoR To s'roiw;l f y 'Petermann AND TELEPHONE COMPANY, ORPORTLAND, MAINE.

SPACE TiELEG RAPHY.

sPE-:IIIICATION forming pme of Leiters Patent No. 725,635, dated April 14, 1903.

Application filed Hatch 12, 1903. Serial No. 147,883. (No modei To all IN1-ont it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN STONE STONE, a citizen of t'nc United States, residing at Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in S pace Telegraphy, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to Wireless or space teleg1aphy,and more particularly to that form of space teiegra-phy in which the signals are transmitted by electromagnetic waves iu the forni of radiant energguided only by the surface'of the earth or water over which they travel and in which the elect-ric force is normalto the surface of the earth, while the magnetic force is parallel tothe surface of the earth.

My invent-ion still more particularly relates to selective and multiple space-telegraph systems in which the signals to be selectively or separately received are transmitted by means of waves (preferably simple harmonic waves) which are differentiated from one another by their frequencies, times of vibration or pitch, and in which the reception of the energy of these Waves, each in a separate electric translating device, is effected by resonant circuits each attuncd to the frequency of the particular wave the energy of which it is intended to receive. e

M3' invent-ion still further relates to a system oy which it shall be possible to transmit signals to a certain predetermined receivingstation to the exclusion of all other receiving- 'stations and by which it shall be possible to secretly as well as selectively transmit signais which are incapable of intelligible recep-.-

tion and translation by unauthorized parties. Electromagetic Waves iu which the electric force is normal to the earths surface and in which the magnetic force is parallel to the earths surface are bcstradiated from a conductor normal to the earths surface and are best received upon a conductor also normal to the earths surface, tiles facts being uuderstood by those skilled in the art of wireless telegraphy to-day; but I have found that in order to produce simple harmonic waves it is highly desirable and, indeed, probably necessary to develop the waves by producing f orccd simple harmonic electric vibrations or oscillations in the radiating-conductor and that in order to receive the energy cf the simple harmonic waves of one frequency in a particular translating device to the exclusion of like waves of different frequency it is necessary to associate with the receiving-conductor a resonant circuit or resonant circuits attuned to the particular frequencyof the Waves the energy of which is to boiabsorbed.

A method and apparatus for developing sim ple harmonic electromagnetic waves of des ired frequency by producing forced simple harmonic electric vilu-ations or oscillations in a radiating-cond uctoi l'ave been fully set forth by me in two Letters Patent, Nos. .714,756 and 7l -l,83l, dated Deceinbtt 2, 1902, anda method and apparatus for recivr g the energy of simple harmonic Waves of one frequency to the exclusion of the energy of like Waveso different frequency are likewise set forth in said Letters Patent. In them is set. fort-h a system of selective and multiple telegraphy in which the signals to be separately received are transmitted by simple harmonic waves, which are differentiated from one another by their frequencies and in which the reception of the energy of these waves of different frequencies each in a separa-te electric translating device is effected by resonant circuits each atltuncd tothe frequency of the particuto receive.

`tion may be realized with the apparatus described in said Lett-ers Patent. For this reason no discussion of the methods and appahereiubefore-mentioned select-ive and multiple space telegraphy need be given in the present specification, since reference may be had to the specifications of said Letters Patent.

The object of the present invention is, rst,

erator at a wireless or space telegraph station tically impossible for an operator at a. wireless or space telegraph station to confusa or render unintelligible a message passing between two other stations. rTo accomplish The principal objects of Vthe present inven-v to make it practically impossible for an op-V lar waves the energy of which it is intended p ratns required to successfully accomplish the to receive intelligently amessage not intend-J ed for his statiou,and, second, to make it practhese results, I cause the message to be sont of each train 'having a Afrequency different sage is sent.

from that of the waves of the other train or Ktrains, and I may employ in conjunction with these tra-ins of waves other trains of waves, which I may call blind. trains, which are not received andare not intended to be received at the station to which the mes- `1 may also employ trains o waves all of which have the saine frequency if I space the transmittingLconductors rela-v tively to the wave lengths of these waves, so that a receiving-conductor in the vertical lane determined by the transmijttingcondnctors will receive certain predetermined signals due to the mutual reinforcementl of the transmitted waves in this plane, while systems not in this planewill be unable to intelligently receive the said signals.

The trains of signal-waves may be transmitted wholly or in part simultaneously or may be transmitted successively, so that the definite signals require for their intelligible reception either the wholly simultaneous or partially simultaneous or the successive re ception of Athe waves of diierent frequency. ln application Serial No. 137,707, iiled Jan nary 3, 1903, I have described a method of selectively and secretly receiving spacetele graph signals, and I have described several ways of accomplishing these results.' In this specification I shall describe several forms of apparatus designed to transmit electromagnetic waves for secret and selective reception and also several forms of apparatus by which said waves may be so received.

A clear understanding of this invention will be had by having reference to the drawings Which accompany and form a part of the present specification. These drawings, however, show diagram matically only simple forms of circuit arrangements by which my invention maybe carried into effect and which are merely typical or illustrative forms of the same, which may be modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Figure 1 illustrates apparatus adapted to transmit signal-waves of two frequencies, which may be called Xand Y. Fig.. 2 illustrates apparatusadapted to respond to signalwavesV of two frequencies X and Y during the periods in which they overlap or are coexistent, but not to signal-waves of either of these frequencies separately received. Figs. 3, 4, and 5 illustrate details of apparatus'for controlling the transmission of the signal-waves X and Y. Fig. 6 illustrates another form of transmittingapparatus. Fig. 7 illustrates the perforated paper strip used inthe transmitting apparatus shown in Fig. 6. Figs. 8 and 9 are illustrative diagrams each showing the relations of the trains of waves of different frequencies to each other as transmitted and received and the resnltantsignals as received.

(preferably simple Figs. 10 and llare modified forms of the re-l ceiving apparat us.'

In the drawings, B B', dsc., represent batteries.

s' s?, risc., are contacts which are closed by the relays R R', the. S indicates the signals received by the translating instrument T and which are made by currents of different frequency X and Y.

The numerals refer to the various circuits.

A is analternating-cnrrent generator.

M' M1 are transformers; C C, C' C'i, condensers; M M,,"oscillation-transformers; s, a sparlbgap; V V1, elevated transmitting orreceiving conductors, and K K,` coherers or other wave-detectors, which experience a. de-

crease in resistance when a difference of pov tential is developed at theirterminals.

D D1 are self-restoring wave-detectors. C" is a condenser telephone-receiver, and T' is a magnetic telephone-receiver. v

L L1 are indnctances. Referring now to Figs. 3, 4, and 5, E1112 are cylinders, of insulating material, carrying on their surfaces contact-strips :r/y and rotatable by the engagement of the spring-pressed pawl X with the ratchet-wheel I upon the depression of the key 7: at the upper end of the plunger J. This plunger is retracted by the coilspring W, and when it is retracted-the spring c prevents the retrograde movement of the ratchet-wheel I. The stroke of the plunger .I is regulated by the stop p and the nut n. Brushes c and f bear on the cylinders and make electrical contact with the strips @and y, respectively. Brush b makes electrical contact with the shaft on which the cylinder Eis mounted, and to this shaft the contact-strips :rand y are permanently connected. The cylinder is adjusted so that the brushes e andf do not touch either contactstrip. Then upon the depression of the key 7: the strips pass under andl make electrical contact with the brushes successively, the brushes being smnltaneously in contact each with its respec- IOS tos

tive strip for a certain period of time as the strips overlap. In cylinder E, this period of time is that required fortransmittinga dot of the Morse or other telegraphic code, and in cylinder E2 this time is that required fora..

code dash.V It will be seen that the strips 1f, y, m2 y2 may be aud preferably are all of equal length, but that the length by which they overlap is different, the overlapping of the strips fr., y2 of the cylinder E2 preferably -bei'ng twice that of the strips .-r.1 y, of cylinder E1.

The actual transmitting mechanism, except for the overlapping of the contact-strips, is well known in the art of machine telegraphy and constitutes no part of my invention.

In the apparatus illustrated in Fi". I the twov cylinders E1 and E2 are shown connected to the transmitting syst-em hereinbefore mentioned by brushes 8 f e2,f2, b1, and b2. To transmit. a signal represented by a dot, the cylinder E1 is rotated by the hereinbeforede- @wenn affres-myn L'scribedmeans The brush e, contacts with Strip al, and the relay R1, energized by 'tu r-A rent Afrom the battery B flowing to brus". 1) the shaft on which the cylinder is mou Led, strip m1, brush eg, to the relay, and back t .i the battery, attracts its armature vand closes the circuit of the alternator A and the primary of the transformerlil' at contact sm. A train of electromagnetic waves of frequency X is then radiated by the elevated conductor V as long as the brush e, is in electrical contact wit-l1 the strip rv Continuing its rotation, the cylinder brings strip y, into contact with brush f1, which closes the circuit containing the relay Rf' and the battery B, thus causing the radiation of electromagnetic waves of fre.- quency Y from elevated conductor Y, as lng as brush f, remains in contact with strip yl. Several sets of strips r1 and 51 @r2 and y2 are preferably placed on each cylinder, so that upon the retraction of the plunger J by the spring \V another set is ready lo be brought into contact with the brushes e and f by another depression of the key k.

In Fig. 6 the trains of waves are transmitted by the passage, in the direction indicated by the arrow, of a perforated strip of paper over a block of conducting material in the manner well known in the art of telegraphy and which forms no part of my invention. Here the circuits of the relays are losed by the contact o f the bruses c, and f, with the platen Q. The brush e3 is connected to a relay similar to relays and PQ for controlling transmission of r, he blind waves above referred to.

In Fig. 7 is shown the relation of the perforations in the paper, and in Fig. S the relations of the trains ot' watjes X and Y, which relation is identical with that of the trains ot Waves transmitted by the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.

Briefly stated, by the apparatus shown in Figs. l'and G trains of waves which differ from each other in frequency and in order of transmission are radiated from the vertical conductors. .All these trains may be and preferably are of the same length or duration, but overlap for unequal periods of time.' Thus the trains transmitted by the rotation of cylinder E1 in Fig. 1 overlap for a short period of time, (indicated in Fig. S by S.,) while the trains of waves transmitted by the rotation of cylinder E., overlap fora longer` period of time, preferably twice as long, as*

shown in Fig. S by S2. -The lengths of these periods of overlapping may conveniently be proportionate to the time required to transmit a dot and a dash of a telegraph-code. The trains of waves, however, may be of u nequal length.

It will now be observed that a foreign receiving-station tuned to the frequency either of the-X orY'trains will receive merely a set of indications, all of which are ot equal length 'and which will consequently be incapable of intelligible translation; v l

of which the energyof the trains of Waves of different frequency transmitted as described above may be` absorbed each by a separate system resonant to one frequency T during thc periods in wbicntbe wave-trains overlap or lare coexistentand for lengths of time proportionate to the codedots and dashes. 4The elevated conductor and its ashave been fully described in myLetters Patent hcreinbefore set forth. s3 and s* are contacts of waves of diterent frequency X and Y, respectively. The circuit 1 includes a. battery 13' and relay R', and circuit. :2 includes the battery B2 and relay R2. These relays R' and R.2 operate, respectively, upon their armatures to close the contacts s and s2 in the circuit 3, which ir .udes the battery B8 and sounder'or other appropriate translating-device T.

circuit 3 is not closed, and hence the translating device T cannot operate unless both contacts s' and s2 are closed. Hence either contact s3 or si may be closed without causing the closing of the circuit 3, and hence without operating the translating device T. It is only when these contacts are closed ,simulta-` neously that there is any resulting signal. This is indicated in Fig. S, Where the line of dots X is representative of the effect of the current of frequency X, and Y is representative of the edect of current of frequency Y. Here it will be seen that ony when the repcertain period producing a dot, as 8 and an overlapping fora longer period producing a dash, as S2.

thecoinuiou tubeand filingsjype. herers, as is well'k'nown, require speciallyadapted apparatus foreffeetng `their restoration to anormal sensitive condition after the passage of electromagnetic waves. In Fig. 11 I have illustratediny secrecy system when used in connection with wave-detectors of another well-known typeas, for example, contacts of aluminium'and steel with a steel point resting ou an aluminium plate. a forni of coherer is Areadiiy decohered by a slight jar of the sounder or A telegmph-relay Other called anticoherers, may also be employed.

known in the art and constituteno part of my invention. I l

The circuits 15 and 16 of tn'e wave-detectors D and D1 contain, respectively, the battery A In Fig. 2 is illustrated apparatus by means e n and the energy of the resulting elect-ric oscillations combined to energizethev translating device adapted tobe closed by the passage of trainsrescntations of currents X and Y overlap isV the signal S produced, an overlapping for a The coherei`- (shown at K K, at Fig. 2) is of- Such co- Such commonly employed in connection with it toprodnce audible v`or taperecorded signals. forms of wave-detectors, commonly sociated resonant circuit and relay-circuit It will be seen lupon inspection that the lCO vAll of Vthese forms of wave-detectors are well Bx5 and the winding 7115 of the telephone-ren ceiver and the battery-BW and the winding y n of said telephone-receiven The Yindings 'are so disposed that their ampere-turns are additive in their etect on the-coreof the re' ceiver. The reception .of a train of waves of one frequency, as X, will cause -a. certain amount of current to ow through the Winding als, and likewise the closure of the circuit 16by waves of frequency Y will cause acertain amount of current to dow in windingnls, but by proper adjustment the magnet-ic flux resulting from the energizaton of either winding is iusuicient to canse the attraction of the diaphragm U, which requires for its attraction the combined effect of the windings. Thus it will be readily apparcntthat the telephone will produce sound only when both trains' of waves X and Y are simultaneously receivedthat is, during their periods of overlapping or coexistence.v

I may dispose the transmitting-conductors V V, a multiple of a halfwave length of the transmitted wave apart, as described bymy -PatentNc. 716,136, dated December 16, 1902,

and thus obtain va mutual reinforcement of the radiated waves in the plane of the said conduct-ors. Then if a quantitative wave-detcctor ispl'aced in said plane it can be adjusted to respond only to the energy of two trains of Waves simultaneously received. Such a quantitative Wave-detector I have described in my Patents Nos. 714,756 and 71-1,S3-nan1ely, a condenser telephone-re-` ceiver in a resonant circuitand which utilizes the potential energy of the oscillations developed in said resonant circuit'. A receiving system embodying such a receiver is illustinted in Fig. 10, in which C is a condenser telephone-receiver. However, I may use instead of this condenser-receiver any other` quantitative Wave-detector-as. for example, one operated by the kinetic energy of the electric oscillations developed in a resonant circuit or one operating upon changes in the dissipative resistance of a lne wire. iVith such a transmitting and receivingl system if trains of waves all of the same frequency are radiated and if these trains of Waves are so related in time of emission that they overlap for dierent periods of time, lthe receiving system will respond only during these periods ol' overlapping, as indicated by S', S', and S" in Fig. 9. Anotherreceiviug system not in the planeof the transmitting-conductors will receiveindicatious ofditierentlength,because outside this plane the periods o overlapping are of different length, due t-o the fact that the phase relation of the waves is diterent. A receiving system outside of the plane of the transmitting-conductors, or one within this plane and not so carefully adjusted as the receiver designed to receive the Waves, or one which is not quantitative in its action will receive signals of lengths represented by the lines a in Fig. 9, which are all equal to the combined lengths of the trains X Y' minus the periods of overlappinv. These signals, if made all of thesame length, by regulating thelength of the trains X' Y', as shown, are of` course incapable of intelligibletranslation.

Although I have illustrated and described 7o,-

a. separate eleva ted conductor for radiating and-receiving electromagnetic waves'of one frequency, it is to' be understood that I may em ploya single elevated cond uctor associated with a plurality ofsono'rons or resonant cir-f cuits, as fully described in my Letters Pat. ent hereinbefore referred to.

I claim- 1. In a system of space telegraphy, an apparatusadapted to transmit a plurality of overlapping,r trains of electromagnetic waves, differing from each otherin frequency and in order of transmission, in combination with means, at a. receiving-station, adapted to be actuated only by the coperation ot' the energies of said overlapping trains of electromagnetic waves for producing intelligible signals at said receiving-station only.

2. In a system of space Ielegraphy, an ap paratus adapted to transmit a plurality of overlapping trains of electromagnetic waves, differing from each other in frequency, in length or duration and in order of transmission, in combination with means, at a receiving-station, adapted to be actuated only by the cooperation of the energies of said overlapping trains of electromagnetic waves for producing intelligible signals at said receiving-station only. Y

3. In a system of space telegrapliy, a transmitting apparaus' comprising vmeans for transmitting'a plurality ofoverlapping trains of electromagnetic Waves, which dier from each other in frequency and in order of trans' mission, in combination with a receiving system.

4. At a spacetelegraph station, a plurality of systems, each adapted to transmit electromagnetic Waves of a diierent frequency, in combination with controlling means for effecting the transmission by said systems cfa. plurality of overlapping trains of Waves differing from each other in frequency and in order of transmission.

5. At a space-telegraph station, a plurality of systems, each adapted to transmit electromagnetic waves of a different frequency, ini combination with controlling means for effecting the transmission by said systems of a. plurality of overlapping trains of waves diftering from each otherv iu frequency, in length or duration, and in order of transmission.

G. In a system of space telegraphy, an apparatus adapted totransmit a plurality of overlapping trains of electromagnetic waves,l

station, actuated only by the lcoperation of the energies of said overlapping trains of electromagnetic waves for producing intelligible signals differing in length or duration from the length or duration of any of said overlappiug' trains of electromagnetic Waves and equal in length or duration to the length isf los

in combination with means, at a receivingl' i i g thereof.

7. -In a system of space telegraplry, anap-` para-tus adapted to transmit aplurality ofsets of overlapping trains of electromagnetic waves, means for regulating or controlling the periods of overlapping of the trains. of

`electromagnetic 'raves making up each set,

and means, at a receit `ing-station, actuated onlyby the cooperation of the energies of said overlapping trains ofwaves for prod uc` ing intelligible signals of length or duration equal to the length or duration of the periods of overlapping of the trains of waves.

S. In a system of space telegraphy, an apparatus adapted to transmit a plurality of trains of electromagnetic waves, differing from each other in frequency and in order of transmission but coexisting throughoutadefinite portion of their durations, a plurality of s vstexfis at a receiving-station, each designed to abs rb the energy of a train of electrom netic waves of onefrequencytothe exclusion of thc energy o trains ofclectroinaguetic waves of other frequencies, and means actuated by, and during the period of coexistence of, the energies of the resulting electric oscillations, for producing intelligible signals at said receiving-station only.

El. In a system of space telegraphy adapted to transmit, by 'means of electromagnetic waves, signals which will be intelligible at a predetermined receiving-station only,a transmitting apparatus comprising means for transmitting a plurality of trainsy of electromagnetic waves, no single one of said trains of electromagnetic waves being capable of intelligible reception or translation, in combi- 'nation with a receiving system. Y

10. In a system of space telegraphy, an ap -paratus adapted to transmit a plurality of sets of trains of electromagnetic waves, each set consisting of a plurality of trains of electromagnetic Waves di'eringfrom each other in frequencyand in order of transmission but coexisting throughout a definite portion of their durations, the period of coexistence of the trains of electromagnetic waves in one set being different from the period of coexistence of the trains of electromagnetic waves in another set, means, at a receiving-station, for absorbing the energies of the trains of electromagnetic waves making up the said sets and means. operated by, and during the unequal periods o f coexistence of, the energies of the electric oscillations resulting from the trains of electromagnetic waves of each set, for producing intelligible signals of unequal length or duration corresponding to the elements, dots and dashes, cf the Morse or other telegraphic code. y

11. In a system of space telegraphy, a transmitting apparatus comprising means for transmitting a plurality of trains of electromagnetic waves, no single one of said trains of electromagnetic waves being capable of inenergies.

telligble reception or translatiomin combi;

nation with means ata receiving-station for trains of waves and thereby prod ucing intelligible signals by thecooperation of the said 12. In a :system of space telegraphy, an ap electing and combining the energies yo f said A paratns adapted to transmit aplnrality of trains of nlectron iagneti'ctraves,v d'ilering from each other .in frequeucyand in order of transmission. ybut coexist-ing throughout a definite portion of their durations, and means, y

'at a receiving-station, actuated by the coperationof the energies of said trains of electromagnetic waves for producing intelligiblev signals differing in l'engthor duration from the length or duration of any one of said trains of electromagnetic waves. s

13. In a system of space telegraphy, a. plurality of systems at a transmitting-station, each adapted to transmit trains of simple harmonic electromagnetic waves of a. different frequency, a plurality of systems at a. receiving-station, each adapted to absorb the energy of simple harmonic electromagnetic Waves of one ot' the frequencies transmitted K to the exclusion of the energy of like waves of dilerefnt frequency, and an electric translating'device associated with said systems at the receiving-station and adapted to be energized for the production of intelligible signais, only by the cooperation of the energy of the waves absorbed by each rcceivin g system.

14. In a system of space telegraphy, a plurality of systems at a transmitting-station, each adapted io tra nsmit train e of simpl-e harmonic electromagnetic Waves of a different frequency, a plurality of resonant. circuits at a receiving-station, each attuned to the frequencyof a different one of the trains of waves transmitted and an electric translating device adapted to be energized for the4 production of intelligible signals, only by the cooperation of said resonant circuits.v

15. In a space-telegraph receiving appara- IOC tus, aplnrality of resonant circuits, each attuned to a different frequency and each adapted to absorb the energy of simple harmonic electromagnetic waves of the frequency to which itis attuned to the exclusion of the energy of like waves of difereutfreqnency, and an electric translating device adapted to be energized for the `production of intelligi- .ble signals, only by the cooperation of said resonant circuits.

` 16. In a system of space telegraphy, a plu` www overlapping trains of eiectromgnetie waves, ent frequency' which are not intended toraif No differing from each otheytin frequency and in feet the receiving means.

yorder of transmission, inA combination with In testimony whereof I have hereunto set means, at a receiving-station, adapted to be my hand this 4th d: y of March, 1903. actuated oniyby thaeopex'aton of the e'n- JOHBT STONE STONE. ergies of said overlapping trams of electro.- i t magnetic-Waves for prod nein ginteliigrible sig- Witnesses: nais at said receiving-station onlyand means ALEX. I". BROWNE,

fon transmitting trains 'of waves of a difer `GEBGIA A. HIGGINS. 

